diff --git a/tests/v1/worker/test_gpu_model_runner.py b/tests/v1/worker/test_gpu_model_runner.py
index abf14a8fb6250..583a88d8e6ec6 100644
--- a/tests/v1/worker/test_gpu_model_runner.py
+++ b/tests/v1/worker/test_gpu_model_runner.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 import random
 
 import pytest
+import torch
 
 from vllm.attention import Attention
 from vllm.config import (CacheConfig, ModelConfig, ParallelConfig,
@@ -277,6 +278,54 @@ def test_update_states_request_resumed(model_runner):
     assert _is_req_state_block_table_match(model_runner, req_id)
 
 
+def test_get_nans_in_logits(model_runner):
+    req_ids = ("req_0", "req_1")
+
+    scheduler_output = _schedule_new_request(*req_ids)
+    model_runner._update_states(scheduler_output)
+
+    logits = torch.tensor([
+        [1.0, 2.0, 3.0],
+        [3.0, 2.0, 1.0],
+    ], device=DEVICE)
+    result = model_runner._get_nans_in_logits(logits)
+    assert result == {"req_0": 0, "req_1": 0}
+
+    logits = torch.tensor([
+        [1.0, float('nan'), 3.0],
+        [4.0, float('nan'), float('nan')],
+    ],
+                          device=DEVICE)
+    result = model_runner._get_nans_in_logits(logits)
+    assert result == {"req_0": 1, "req_1": 2}
+
+    logits = torch.tensor([
+        [1.0, 2.0, 3.0],
+        [4.0, float('nan'), float('nan')],
+    ],
+                          device=DEVICE)
+    result = model_runner._get_nans_in_logits(logits)
+    assert result == {"req_0": 0, "req_1": 2}
+
+    result = model_runner._get_nans_in_logits(logits=None)
+    assert result == {"req_0": 0, "req_1": 0}
+
+    logits = torch.tensor([
+        [1.0, float('nan'), 3.0],
+    ], device=DEVICE)
+    result = model_runner._get_nans_in_logits(logits)
+    assert result == {'req_0': 1, 'req_1': 0}
+
+    logits = torch.tensor([
+        [float('nan'), float('nan'), 2.0],
+        [1.0, 2.0, 3.0],
+        [float('nan'), 2.0, 3.0],
+    ],
+                          device=DEVICE)
+    result = model_runner._get_nans_in_logits(logits)
+    assert result == {'req_0': 2, 'req_1': 0}
+
+
 def test_update_states_no_changes(model_runner):
     req_id = "req_0"
 
diff --git a/vllm/envs.py b/vllm/envs.py
index c7604d6dfeb84..b1030997f25ad 100644
--- a/vllm/envs.py
+++ b/vllm/envs.py
@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     VLLM_SLEEP_WHEN_IDLE: bool = False
     VLLM_MQ_MAX_CHUNK_BYTES_MB: int = 16
     VLLM_KV_CACHE_LAYOUT: Optional[str] = None
+    VLLM_COMPUTE_NANS_IN_LOGITS: bool = False
 
 
 def get_default_cache_root():
@@ -897,7 +898,13 @@ environment_variables: dict[str, Callable[[], Any]] = {
     # leave the layout choice to the backend. Mind that backends may only
     # implement and support a subset of all possible layouts.
     "VLLM_KV_CACHE_LAYOUT":
-    lambda: os.getenv("VLLM_KV_CACHE_LAYOUT", None)
+    lambda: os.getenv("VLLM_KV_CACHE_LAYOUT", None),
+
+    # Enable checking whether the generated logits contain NaNs,
+    # indicating corrupted output. Useful for debugging low level bugs
+    # or bad hardware but it may add compute overhead.
+    "VLLM_COMPUTE_NANS_IN_LOGITS":
+    lambda: bool(int(os.getenv("VLLM_COMPUTE_NANS_IN_LOGITS", "0"))),
 }
 
 # --8<-- [end:env-vars-definition]
diff --git a/vllm/v1/core/sched/scheduler.py b/vllm/v1/core/sched/scheduler.py
index 16e76defdf721..0958366e0aca7 100644
--- a/vllm/v1/core/sched/scheduler.py
+++ b/vllm/v1/core/sched/scheduler.py
@@ -717,6 +717,7 @@ class Scheduler(SchedulerInterface):
         prompt_logprobs_dict = model_runner_output.prompt_logprobs_dict
         num_scheduled_tokens = scheduler_output.num_scheduled_tokens
         pooler_outputs = model_runner_output.pooler_output
+        num_nans_in_logits = model_runner_output.num_nans_in_logits
 
         new_running: list[Request] = []
         outputs: dict[int, list[EngineCoreOutput]] = defaultdict(list)
@@ -810,6 +811,10 @@ class Scheduler(SchedulerInterface):
                 request.structured_output_request.grammar.accept_tokens(  # type: ignore[union-attr]
                     req_id, new_token_ids)
 
+            # spec_token_ids comes from the model runner output
+            if num_nans_in_logits is not None and req_id in num_nans_in_logits:
+                request.num_nans_in_logits = num_nans_in_logits[req_id]
+
             # Add newly generated spec token ids to the request.
             if spec_token_ids is not None:
                 if self.structured_output_manager.should_advance(request):
@@ -972,6 +977,8 @@ class Scheduler(SchedulerInterface):
             kv_cache_usage=self.kv_cache_manager.usage,
             prefix_cache_stats=prefix_cache_stats,
             spec_decoding_stats=spec_decoding_stats,
+            num_corrupted_reqs=sum(req.is_output_corrupted
+                                   for req in self.running),
         )
 
     def make_spec_decoding_stats(
diff --git a/vllm/v1/metrics/stats.py b/vllm/v1/metrics/stats.py
index 716f40fffb282..1eb10ccb6c493 100644
--- a/vllm/v1/metrics/stats.py
+++ b/vllm/v1/metrics/stats.py
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ class SchedulerStats:
 
     spec_decoding_stats: Optional[SpecDecodingStats] = None
 
+    num_corrupted_reqs: int = 0
+
 
 @dataclass
 class LoRAStats:
diff --git a/vllm/v1/outputs.py b/vllm/v1/outputs.py
index 2234843293cc6..f78623f571b2d 100644
--- a/vllm/v1/outputs.py
+++ b/vllm/v1/outputs.py
@@ -108,6 +108,9 @@ class ModelRunnerOutput:
     finished_sending: Optional[set[str]] = None
     finished_recving: Optional[set[str]] = None
 
+    # req_id -> num_nans_in_logits
+    num_nans_in_logits: Optional[dict[str, int]] = None
+
 
 EMPTY_MODEL_RUNNER_OUTPUT = ModelRunnerOutput(req_ids=[],
                                               req_id_to_index={},
@@ -117,4 +120,5 @@ EMPTY_MODEL_RUNNER_OUTPUT = ModelRunnerOutput(req_ids=[],
                                               prompt_logprobs_dict={},
                                               pooler_output=[],
                                               finished_sending=None,
-                                              finished_recving=None)
+                                              finished_recving=None,
+                                              num_nans_in_logits=None)
diff --git a/vllm/v1/request.py b/vllm/v1/request.py
index e3f3a418755c3..4632884419aed 100644
--- a/vllm/v1/request.py
+++ b/vllm/v1/request.py
@@ -97,6 +97,10 @@ class Request:
         # The number of tokens with prefix cache hits.
         self.num_cached_tokens = -1
 
+        # The number of NaNs in logits. A value greater than 0
+        # indicates that the output is corrupted
+        self.num_nans_in_logits = 0
+
     @classmethod
     def from_engine_core_request(cls, request: EngineCoreRequest) -> "Request":
         if request.mm_inputs is not None:
@@ -132,6 +136,10 @@ class Request:
             self._output_token_ids.extend(token_ids)
             self._all_token_ids.extend(token_ids)
 
+    @property
+    def is_output_corrupted(self) -> bool:
+        return self.num_nans_in_logits > 0
+
     @property
     def num_tokens(self) -> int:
         return len(self._all_token_ids)
diff --git a/vllm/v1/worker/gpu_model_runner.py b/vllm/v1/worker/gpu_model_runner.py
index f96fb64342c9f..3303660061183 100644
--- a/vllm/v1/worker/gpu_model_runner.py
+++ b/vllm/v1/worker/gpu_model_runner.py
@@ -1431,6 +1431,10 @@ class GPUModelRunner(LoRAModelRunnerMixin):
             )
             sampler_output.sampled_token_ids = output_token_ids
 
+        num_nans_in_logits = {}
+        if envs.VLLM_COMPUTE_NANS_IN_LOGITS:
+            num_nans_in_logits = self._get_nans_in_logits(logits)
+
         # TODO(woosuk): The following loop can be slow since it iterates over
         # the requests one by one. Optimize.
         discard_sampled_tokens_req_indices = []
@@ -1601,6 +1605,7 @@ class GPUModelRunner(LoRAModelRunnerMixin):
             pooler_output=[],
             finished_sending=finished_sending,
             finished_recving=finished_recving,
+            num_nans_in_logits=num_nans_in_logits,
         )
 
     def kv_connector_no_forward(
@@ -1826,6 +1831,26 @@ class GPUModelRunner(LoRAModelRunnerMixin):
 
         return prompt_logprobs_dict
 
+    def _get_nans_in_logits(
+        self,
+        logits: Optional[torch.Tensor],
+    ) -> dict[str, int]:
+        try:
+            if logits is None:
+                return {req_id: 0 for req_id in self.input_batch.req_ids}
+
+            num_nans_in_logits = {}
+            num_nans_for_index = logits.isnan().sum(dim=-1).cpu().numpy()
+            for req_id in self.input_batch.req_ids:
+                req_index = self.input_batch.req_id_to_index[req_id]
+                num_nans_in_logits[req_id] = (
+                    int(num_nans_for_index[req_index])
+                    if num_nans_for_index is not None
+                    and req_index < logits.shape[0] else 0)
+            return num_nans_in_logits
+        except IndexError:
+            return {}
+
     @contextmanager
     def maybe_randomize_inputs(self, input_ids: torch.Tensor):
         """