[V1] Support MP Executor for multi node distributed inference (#23691)

Signed-off-by: Lu Fang <fanglu@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: github-actions[bot] <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: Lucia Fang <fanglu@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Lucia Fang <116399278+luccafong@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: Nick Hill <nhill@redhat.com>
Co-authored-by: Nick Hill <nhill@redhat.com>

tests/distributed/test_multiproc_executor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,437 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
+
+"""
+Integration tests for MultiprocExecutor at the executor level.
+This test directly tests the executor without going through the LLM interface,
+focusing on executor initialization, RPC calls, and distributed execution.
+"""
+
+import multiprocessing
+import os
+
+from tests.utils import multi_gpu_test
+from vllm.config import VllmConfig
+from vllm.engine.arg_utils import EngineArgs
+from vllm.utils import get_open_port
+from vllm.v1.core.sched.output import SchedulerOutput
+from vllm.v1.executor.multiproc_executor import MultiprocExecutor
+
+MODEL = "facebook/opt-125m"
+
+
+def create_vllm_config(
+    tensor_parallel_size: int = 1,
+    pipeline_parallel_size: int = 1,
+    max_model_len: int = 256,
+    gpu_memory_utilization: float = 0.3,
+    distributed_executor_backend: str = "mp",
+    nnodes: int = 1,
+    node_rank: int = 0,
+    master_port: int = 0,
+) -> VllmConfig:
+    """Create a VllmConfig for testing using EngineArgs."""
+    engine_args = EngineArgs(
+        model=MODEL,
+        tensor_parallel_size=tensor_parallel_size,
+        pipeline_parallel_size=pipeline_parallel_size,
+        max_model_len=max_model_len,
+        gpu_memory_utilization=gpu_memory_utilization,
+        distributed_executor_backend=distributed_executor_backend,
+        enforce_eager=True,
+    )
+    vllm_config = engine_args.create_engine_config()
+
+    # Override distributed node settings if needed
+    if nnodes > 1 or node_rank > 0:
+        vllm_config.parallel_config.nnodes = nnodes
+        vllm_config.parallel_config.node_rank = node_rank
+        vllm_config.parallel_config.master_port = master_port
+    if nnodes > 1:
+        vllm_config.parallel_config.disable_custom_all_reduce = True
+
+    return vllm_config
+
+
+def create_test_scheduler_output(num_requests: int = 1) -> SchedulerOutput:
+    """Create a minimal SchedulerOutput for testing."""
+    # This is a simplified version - in practice you'd need proper
+    # SchedulerOutput construction based on the actual vLLM v1 API
+    return SchedulerOutput(
+        scheduled_new_reqs=[],
+        scheduled_resumed_reqs=[],
+        scheduled_running_reqs=[],
+        num_scheduled_tokens={},
+        total_num_scheduled_tokens=0,
+    )
+
+
+def test_multiproc_executor_initialization():
+    """Test that MultiprocExecutor can be initialized with proper config."""
+    vllm_config = create_vllm_config(
+        tensor_parallel_size=1,
+        pipeline_parallel_size=1,
+    )
+
+    # Create executor - this should initialize workers
+    executor = MultiprocExecutor(vllm_config=vllm_config)
+
+    # Verify executor properties
+    assert executor.world_size == 1, "World size should be 1 for single GPU"
+    assert executor.local_world_size == 1, "Local world size should be 1"
+    assert hasattr(executor, "workers"), "Executor should have workers"
+    assert len(executor.workers) == 1, "Should have 1 worker for single GPU"
+
+    # Clean up
+    executor.shutdown()
+
+
+@multi_gpu_test(num_gpus=2)
+def test_multiproc_executor_initialization_tensor_parallel():
+    """Test MultiprocExecutor initialization with tensor parallelism."""
+    vllm_config = create_vllm_config(
+        tensor_parallel_size=2,
+        pipeline_parallel_size=1,
+    )
+
+    # Create executor
+    executor = MultiprocExecutor(vllm_config=vllm_config)
+
+    # Verify executor properties
+    assert executor.world_size == 2, "World size should be 2 for TP=2"
+    assert executor.local_world_size == 2, "Local world size should be 2"
+    assert len(executor.workers) == 2, "Should have 2 workers for TP=2"
+
+    # Verify output rank calculation
+    output_rank = executor._get_output_rank()
+    assert output_rank == 0, "Output rank should be 0 for TP=2, PP=1"
+
+    # Clean up
+    executor.shutdown()
+
+
+@multi_gpu_test(num_gpus=2)
+def test_multiproc_executor_collective_rpc():
+    """Test collective RPC calls to all workers."""
+    vllm_config = create_vllm_config(
+        tensor_parallel_size=2,
+        pipeline_parallel_size=1,
+    )
+
+    # Create executor
+    executor = MultiprocExecutor(vllm_config=vllm_config)
+
+    try:
+        # Test check_health RPC - should work without errors
+        executor.check_health()
+
+        # Test that RPC works correctly
+        # Note: We're just testing that the RPC mechanism works,
+        # not testing actual model execution here
+        assert not executor.is_failed, "Executor should not be in failed state"
+
+    finally:
+        # Clean up
+        executor.shutdown()
+
+
+def test_multiproc_executor_failure_callback():
+    """Test failure callback registration and invocation."""
+    vllm_config = create_vllm_config(
+        tensor_parallel_size=1,
+        pipeline_parallel_size=1,
+    )
+
+    executor = MultiprocExecutor(vllm_config=vllm_config)
+
+    try:
+        # Test callback registration
+        callback_invoked = []
+
+        def test_callback():
+            callback_invoked.append(True)
+
+        # Register callback
+        executor.register_failure_callback(test_callback)
+
+        # Callback should not be invoked yet
+        assert len(callback_invoked) == 0, "Callback should not be invoked immediately"
+
+        # Simulate failure
+        executor.is_failed = True
+
+        # Register another callback - should be invoked immediately
+        executor.register_failure_callback(test_callback)
+        assert len(callback_invoked) == 1, (
+            "Callback should be invoked when executor is failed"
+        )
+
+    finally:
+        # Clean up
+        executor.shutdown()
+
+
+@multi_gpu_test(num_gpus=2)
+def test_multiproc_executor_worker_monitor():
+    """Test that worker monitor is set up correctly."""
+    vllm_config = create_vllm_config(
+        tensor_parallel_size=2,
+        pipeline_parallel_size=1,
+    )
+
+    executor = MultiprocExecutor(vllm_config=vllm_config)
+
+    try:
+        # Verify all worker processes are alive
+        for worker in executor.workers:
+            assert worker.proc.is_alive(), f"Worker rank {worker.rank} should be alive"
+
+        # Verify executor is not in failed state
+        assert not executor.is_failed, "Executor should not be in failed state"
+
+    finally:
+        # Clean up
+        executor.shutdown()
+
+        # After shutdown, workers should be terminated
+        import time
+
+        time.sleep(0.5)  # Give processes time to terminate
+        for worker in executor.workers:
+            assert not worker.proc.is_alive(), (
+                f"Worker rank {worker.rank} should terminate after shutdown"
+            )
+
+
+@multi_gpu_test(num_gpus=2)
+def test_multiproc_executor_get_response_message_queues():
+    """Test message queue retrieval for different ranks."""
+    vllm_config = create_vllm_config(
+        tensor_parallel_size=2,
+        pipeline_parallel_size=1,
+    )
+
+    executor = MultiprocExecutor(vllm_config=vllm_config)
+
+    try:
+        # Get all message queues
+        all_queues = executor.get_response_mqs()
+        assert len(all_queues) == 2, "Should have 2 message queues for 2 workers"
+
+        # Get message queue for specific rank
+        rank0_queue = executor.get_response_mqs(unique_reply_rank=0)
+        assert len(rank0_queue) == 1, "Should have 1 message queue for rank 0"
+
+        rank1_queue = executor.get_response_mqs(unique_reply_rank=1)
+        assert len(rank1_queue) == 1, "Should have 1 message queue for rank 1"
+
+    finally:
+        # Clean up
+        executor.shutdown()
+
+
+def test_multiproc_executor_shutdown_cleanup():
+    """Test that shutdown properly cleans up resources."""
+    vllm_config = create_vllm_config(
+        tensor_parallel_size=1,
+        pipeline_parallel_size=1,
+    )
+
+    executor = MultiprocExecutor(vllm_config=vllm_config)
+
+    # Verify executor is set up
+    assert hasattr(executor, "workers"), "Executor should have workers"
+    assert len(executor.workers) > 0, "Should have at least one worker"
+
+    # Shutdown
+    executor.shutdown()
+
+    # Verify cleanup
+    import time
+
+    time.sleep(0.5)  # Give processes time to terminate
+
+    for worker in executor.workers:
+        assert not worker.proc.is_alive(), "Worker processes should be terminated"
+
+    # Verify shutdown event is set
+    assert executor.shutdown_event.is_set(), "Shutdown event should be set"
+
+    # Multiple shutdowns should be safe (idempotent)
+    executor.shutdown()
+    executor.shutdown()
+
+
+@multi_gpu_test(num_gpus=4)
+def test_multiproc_executor_pipeline_parallel():
+    """Test MultiprocExecutor with pipeline parallelism."""
+    vllm_config = create_vllm_config(
+        tensor_parallel_size=2,
+        pipeline_parallel_size=2,
+    )
+
+    executor = MultiprocExecutor(vllm_config=vllm_config)
+
+    try:
+        # Verify executor properties
+        assert executor.world_size == 4, "World size should be 4 for TP=2, PP=2"
+        assert len(executor.workers) == 4, "Should have 4 workers"
+
+        # Verify output rank calculation
+        # For TP=2, PP=2: output should be from the last PP stage (ranks 2-3)
+        # Specifically rank 2 (first rank of last PP stage)
+        output_rank = executor._get_output_rank()
+        assert output_rank == 2, "Output rank should be 2 (first rank of last PP stage)"
+
+        # Verify max_concurrent_batches for pipeline parallel
+        assert executor.max_concurrent_batches == 2, (
+            "Max concurrent batches should equal PP size"
+        )
+
+    finally:
+        # Clean up
+        executor.shutdown()
+
+
+def test_multiproc_executor_properties():
+    """Test various executor properties and configurations."""
+    vllm_config = create_vllm_config(
+        tensor_parallel_size=1,
+        pipeline_parallel_size=1,
+    )
+
+    executor = MultiprocExecutor(vllm_config=vllm_config)
+
+    try:
+        # Test supports_pp property
+        assert MultiprocExecutor.supports_pp is True, (
+            "MultiprocExecutor should support pipeline parallelism"
+        )
+
+        # Test world_size calculation
+        assert executor.world_size == (
+            executor.parallel_config.tensor_parallel_size
+            * executor.parallel_config.pipeline_parallel_size
+        ), "World size should equal TP * PP"
+
+        # Test local_world_size calculation
+        assert executor.local_world_size == (
+            executor.parallel_config.world_size // executor.parallel_config.nnodes
+        ), "Local world size should be world_size / nnodes"
+
+    finally:
+        # Clean up
+        executor.shutdown()
+
+
+@multi_gpu_test(num_gpus=4)
+def test_multiproc_executor_multi_node():
+    """
+    Test MultiprocExecutor with multi-node configuration.
+    This simulates 2 nodes with TP=4:
+    - Node 0 (rank 0): Uses GPUs 0,1 (CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1) with TP=2
+    - Node 1 (rank 1): Uses GPUs 2,3 (CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=2,3) with TP=2
+    Total world_size = 4, nnodes = 2
+    """
+    port = get_open_port()
+    # symm_mem does not work for simulating multi instance in single node
+    os.environ["VLLM_ALLREDUCE_USE_SYMM_MEM"] = "0"
+
+    def run_node(node_rank: int, result_queue: multiprocessing.Queue, port: int):
+        """Run a single node's executor."""
+        executor = None
+        try:
+            # Set CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES for this node
+            if node_rank == 0:
+                os.environ["CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"] = "0,1"
+            else:
+                os.environ["CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"] = "2,3"
+
+            # Create config for this node
+            vllm_config = create_vllm_config(
+                tensor_parallel_size=4,  # Total TP across all nodes
+                pipeline_parallel_size=1,
+                nnodes=2,  # 2 nodes
+                node_rank=node_rank,
+                master_port=port,  # same port
+            )
+
+            # Create executor for this node
+            executor = MultiprocExecutor(vllm_config=vllm_config)
+
+            # Verify node-specific properties
+            assert executor.world_size == 4, (
+                f"World size should be 4 on node {node_rank}"
+            )
+            assert executor.local_world_size == 2, (
+                f"Local world size should be 2 on node {node_rank}"
+            )
+            assert len(executor.workers) == 2, (
+                f"Should have 2 local workers on node {node_rank}"
+            )
+
+            # Verify worker ranks are correct for this node
+            expected_ranks = [node_rank * 2, node_rank * 2 + 1]
+            actual_ranks = sorted([w.rank for w in executor.workers])
+            assert actual_ranks == expected_ranks, (
+                f"Node {node_rank} should have workers "
+                f"with ranks {expected_ranks}, got {actual_ranks}"
+            )
+            # Verify all workers are alive
+            for worker in executor.workers:
+                assert worker.proc.is_alive(), (
+                    f"Worker rank {worker.rank} should be alive on node {node_rank}"
+                )
+            # executor.gen
+            # Put success result in queue BEFORE shutdown to avoid hanging
+            result_queue.put({"node": node_rank, "success": True})
+            import time
+
+            time.sleep(2)
+            executor.shutdown()
+        except Exception as e:
+            # Put failure result in queue
+            result_queue.put({"node": node_rank, "success": False, "error": str(e)})
+            raise e
+        finally:
+            if executor is not None:
+                executor.shutdown()
+
+    # Create a queue to collect results from both processes
+    result_queue: multiprocessing.Queue[dict[str, int | bool]] = multiprocessing.Queue()
+
+    # Start both node processes
+    processes = []
+    for node_rank in range(2):
+        p = multiprocessing.Process(
+            target=run_node,
+            args=(node_rank, result_queue, port),
+            name=f"Node{node_rank}",
+        )
+        p.start()
+        processes.append(p)
+
+    # Wait for both processes to complete
+    all_completed = True
+    for p in processes:
+        p.join(timeout=60)
+        if p.is_alive():
+            p.terminate()
+            p.join(timeout=20)
+            if p.is_alive():
+                p.kill()
+                p.join()
+            all_completed = False
+
+    # Check results from both nodes
+    results: list[dict[str, int | bool]] = []
+    while len(results) < 2:
+        try:
+            result = result_queue.get(timeout=1)
+            results.append(result)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+    assert all_completed, "Not all processes completed successfully"
+    assert len(results) == 2, f"Expected 2 results, got {len(results)}"
+    assert results[0]["success"], f"Node 0 failed: {results[0]}"
+    assert results[1]["success"], f"Node 1 failed: {results[1]}"

vllm/config/parallel.py

@@ -210,6 +210,18 @@ class ParallelConfig:
     class is dynamically inherited by the worker class. This is used to inject
     new attributes and methods to the worker class for use in collective_rpc
     calls."""
+    master_addr: str = "127.0.0.1"
+    """distributed master address for multi-node distributed 
+    inference when distributed_executor_backend is mp."""
+    master_port: int = 29501
+    """distributed master port for multi-node distributed 
+    inference when distributed_executor_backend is mp."""
+    node_rank: int = 0
+    """distributed node rank for multi-node distributed 
+    inference when distributed_executor_backend is mp."""
+    nnodes: int = 1
+    """num of nodes for multi-node distributed 
+    inference when distributed_executor_backend is mp."""
 
     world_size: int = Field(init=False)
     """world_size is TPxPP, it affects the number of workers we create."""
@@ -387,6 +399,23 @@ class ParallelConfig:
             and self.data_parallel_size > 1
         )
 
+    @property
+    def node_rank_within_dp(self) -> int:
+        return self.node_rank % self.nnodes_within_dp
+
+    @property
+    def nnodes_within_dp(self) -> int:
+        if self.nnodes == 1:
+            return 1
+        data_parallel_node_size = (
+            self.data_parallel_size // self.data_parallel_size_local
+        )
+        return self.nnodes // data_parallel_node_size
+
+    @property
+    def local_world_size(self) -> int:
+        return self.world_size // self.nnodes_within_dp
+
     @staticmethod
     def has_unfinished_dp(dp_group: ProcessGroup, has_unfinished: bool) -> bool:
         tensor = torch.tensor([has_unfinished], dtype=torch.int32, device="cpu")
@@ -528,6 +557,8 @@ class ParallelConfig:
             ray_found = ray_utils.ray_is_available()
             if current_platform.is_tpu() and envs.VLLM_XLA_USE_SPMD:
                 backend = "uni"
+            elif current_platform.is_cuda() and self.nnodes > 1:
+                backend = "mp"
             elif (
                 current_platform.is_cuda()
                 and cuda_device_count_stateless() < self.world_size
@@ -565,6 +596,10 @@ class ParallelConfig:
                 "max_parallel_loading_workers is currently "
                 "not supported and will be ignored."
             )
+        if self.distributed_executor_backend != "mp" and self.nnodes > 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "nnodes > 1 can only be set when distributed exectuor backend is mp."
+            )
 
     @property
     def use_ray(self) -> bool:
@@ -607,6 +642,11 @@ class ParallelConfig:
                 "Disabled the custom all-reduce kernel because it is not "
                 "supported on current platform."
             )
+        if self.nnodes > 1:
+            self.disable_custom_all_reduce = True
+            logger.debug(
+                "Disabled the custom all-reduce since we are running on multi-node."
+            )
         if self.ray_workers_use_nsight and not self.use_ray:
             raise ValueError(
                 "Unable to use nsight profiling unless workers run with Ray."

vllm/distributed/device_communicators/shm_broadcast.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from multiprocessing import shared_memory
 from pickle import PickleBuffer
 from threading import Event
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, cast
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import torch
@@ -602,13 +602,87 @@ class MessageQueue:
             return obj
         return self.dequeue()
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def create_from_process_group_single_reader(
+        pg: ProcessGroup,
+        max_chunk_bytes,
+        max_chunks,
+        reader_rank: int = 0,
+        blocking: bool = False,
+    ) -> tuple["MessageQueue", list[Handle]]:
+        """
+        Creates a MessageQueue for a process group with a single reader.
+
+        This method is designed for scenarios where only one process (the reader)
+        will consume messages, and all other processes are writers. It sets up
+        the shared memory buffer and communication handles accordingly, and
+        gathers the handles from all processes to the reader.
+
+        Args:
+            pg (ProcessGroup): The torch distributed process group.
+            max_chunk_bytes (int): Maximum size in bytes for each chunk in the buffer.
+            max_chunks (int): Maximum number of chunks in the buffer.
+            reader_rank (int, optional): The global rank that will act as the reader.
+                Defaults to 0.
+            blocking (bool, optional): If True, blocks until all processes are ready.
+                Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            tuple[MessageQueue, list[Handle]]:
+            The MessageQueue instance for the calling process,
+            and a list of handles (only non-empty for the reader process).
+        """
+        local_size = torch.cuda.device_count()
+        rank = dist.get_rank()
+        same_node = rank // local_size == reader_rank // local_size
+        buffer_io = MessageQueue(
+            n_reader=1,
+            n_local_reader=1 if same_node else 0,
+            max_chunk_bytes=max_chunk_bytes,
+            max_chunks=max_chunks,
+        )
+        handle = buffer_io.export_handle()
+        handles = [None] * dist.get_world_size(pg) if rank == reader_rank else None
+        dist.gather_object(handle, handles, dst=reader_rank, group=pg)
+        if blocking:
+            buffer_io.wait_until_ready()
+        return buffer_io, cast(list[Handle], handles or [])
+
     @staticmethod
     def create_from_process_group(
         pg: ProcessGroup | StatelessProcessGroup,
         max_chunk_bytes,
         max_chunks,
-        writer_rank=0,
+        writer_rank: int = 0,
+        external_writer_handle=None,
+        blocking: bool = True,
     ) -> "MessageQueue":
+        """
+        Creates a MessageQueue for a distributed process group with one writer and
+        multiple readers.
+
+        This method is designed for scenarios where one process (the writer) sends
+        messages, and all other processes (the readers) receive messages. It sets up
+        the shared memory buffer and socket communication handles accordingly, and
+        broadcasts the handle from the writer to all readers.
+
+        Args:
+            pg (ProcessGroup | StatelessProcessGroup): The torch distributed process
+                group.
+            max_chunk_bytes (int): Maximum size in bytes for each chunk in the buffer.
+            max_chunks (int): Maximum number of chunks in the buffer.
+            writer_rank (int, optional): The global rank that will act as the writer.
+                Defaults to 0.
+            external_writer_handle (Handle, optional): Used when there is a handle
+                from an external Message Queue. If provided, use this handle to init
+                PG writer message queue instead of creating a new one. Defaults to None.
+            blocking (bool, optional): If True, blocks until all processes are ready.
+                Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            MessageQueue: The MessageQueue instance for the calling process.
+
+        """
         if isinstance(pg, ProcessGroup):
             group_rank = dist.get_rank(pg)
             group_world_size = dist.get_world_size(pg)
@@ -617,23 +691,26 @@ class MessageQueue:
             group_rank = pg.rank
             group_world_size = pg.world_size
             global_ranks = list(range(pg.world_size))
-
         from vllm.distributed.parallel_state import in_the_same_node_as
 
         status = in_the_same_node_as(pg, source_rank=writer_rank)
-        same_node_ranks = [i for i, s in enumerate(status) if s]
-        n_reader = group_world_size - 1
-        n_local_reader = len(same_node_ranks) - 1
-        local_reader_ranks = [i for i in same_node_ranks if i != writer_rank]
-        buffer_io: MessageQueue
         if group_rank == writer_rank:
-            buffer_io = MessageQueue(
+            if external_writer_handle is not None:
-                n_reader=n_reader,
+                buffer_io = MessageQueue.create_from_handle(
-                n_local_reader=n_local_reader,
+                    external_writer_handle, group_rank
-                local_reader_ranks=local_reader_ranks,
+                )
-                max_chunk_bytes=max_chunk_bytes,
+            else:
-                max_chunks=max_chunks,
+                same_node_ranks = [i for i, s in enumerate(status) if s]
-            )
+                n_reader = group_world_size - 1
+                n_local_reader = len(same_node_ranks) - 1
+                local_reader_ranks = [i for i in same_node_ranks if i != writer_rank]
+                buffer_io = MessageQueue(
+                    n_reader=n_reader,
+                    n_local_reader=n_local_reader,
+                    local_reader_ranks=local_reader_ranks,
+                    max_chunk_bytes=max_chunk_bytes,
+                    max_chunks=max_chunks,
+                )
             handle = buffer_io.export_handle()
             if isinstance(pg, ProcessGroup):
                 dist.broadcast_object_list(
@@ -651,5 +728,6 @@ class MessageQueue:
             else:
                 handle = pg.broadcast_obj(None, writer_rank)
             buffer_io = MessageQueue.create_from_handle(handle, group_rank)
-        buffer_io.wait_until_ready()
+        if blocking:
+            buffer_io.wait_until_ready()
         return buffer_io

vllm/distributed/parallel_state.py

@@ -385,6 +385,33 @@ class GroupCoordinator:
             torch.ops._C, "init_shm_manager"
         )
 
+    def create_mq_broadcaster(
+        self, writer_rank=0, external_writer_handle=None, blocking=True
+    ):
+        from vllm.distributed.device_communicators.shm_broadcast import MessageQueue
+
+        return MessageQueue.create_from_process_group(
+            self.cpu_group,
+            1 << 22,
+            6,
+            writer_rank=writer_rank,
+            external_writer_handle=external_writer_handle,
+            blocking=blocking,
+        )
+
+    def create_single_reader_mq_broadcasters(
+        self, reader_rank_in_group=0, blocking=False
+    ):
+        from vllm.distributed.device_communicators.shm_broadcast import MessageQueue
+
+        return MessageQueue.create_from_process_group_single_reader(
+            self.cpu_group,
+            1 << 22,
+            6,
+            reader_rank=self.ranks[reader_rank_in_group],
+            blocking=blocking,
+        )
+
     @property
     def first_rank(self):
         """Return the global rank of the first process in the group"""
@@ -997,6 +1024,7 @@ class GroupCoordinator:
 
 
 _WORLD: GroupCoordinator | None = None
+_INNER_DP_WORLD: GroupCoordinator | None = None
 _NODE_COUNT: int | None = None
 
 
@@ -1005,6 +1033,11 @@ def get_world_group() -> GroupCoordinator:
     return _WORLD
 
 
+def get_inner_dp_world_group() -> GroupCoordinator:
+    assert _INNER_DP_WORLD is not None, "inner dp world group is not initialized"
+    return _INNER_DP_WORLD
+
+
 def init_world_group(
     ranks: list[int], local_rank: int, backend: str
 ) -> GroupCoordinator:
@@ -1023,12 +1056,13 @@ def init_model_parallel_group(
     backend: str,
     use_message_queue_broadcaster: bool = False,
     group_name: str | None = None,
+    use_device_communicator: bool = True,
 ) -> GroupCoordinator:
     return GroupCoordinator(
         group_ranks=group_ranks,
         local_rank=local_rank,
         torch_distributed_backend=backend,
-        use_device_communicator=True,
+        use_device_communicator=use_device_communicator,
         use_message_queue_broadcaster=use_message_queue_broadcaster,
         group_name=group_name,
     )
@@ -1143,7 +1177,14 @@ def init_distributed_environment(
     from vllm.config import get_current_vllm_config
 
     config = get_current_vllm_config()
-    if (
+    if config is not None and config.parallel_config.nnodes > 1:
+        parallel_config = config.parallel_config
+        ip = parallel_config.master_addr
+        rank = parallel_config.data_parallel_rank * world_size + rank
+        world_size = parallel_config.world_size_across_dp
+        port = parallel_config.master_port
+        distributed_init_method = get_distributed_init_method(ip, port)
+    elif (
         config is not None
         and config.parallel_config.data_parallel_size > 1
         and config.parallel_config.distributed_executor_backend != "external_launcher"
@@ -1164,6 +1205,14 @@ def init_distributed_environment(
             distributed_init_method,
         )
     if not torch.distributed.is_initialized():
+        logger.info(
+            "world_size=%d rank=%d local_rank=%d distributed_init_method=%s backend=%s",
+            world_size,
+            rank,
+            local_rank,
+            distributed_init_method,
+            backend,
+        )
         assert distributed_init_method is not None, (
             "distributed_init_method must be provided when initializing "
             "distributed environment"
@@ -1192,16 +1241,36 @@ def init_distributed_environment(
         # local rank not set, this usually happens in single-node
         # setting, where we can use rank as local rank
         local_rank = envs.LOCAL_RANK if distributed_init_method == "env://" else rank
-    global _WORLD, _NODE_COUNT
+    global _WORLD, _NODE_COUNT, _INNER_DP_WORLD
     if _WORLD is None:
         ranks = list(range(torch.distributed.get_world_size()))
         _WORLD = init_world_group(ranks, local_rank, backend)
-        _NODE_COUNT = _node_count(_WORLD.cpu_group)
+        if config.parallel_config.nnodes > 1:
+            _NODE_COUNT = config.parallel_config.nnodes
+        else:
+            _NODE_COUNT = _node_count(_WORLD.cpu_group)
         logger.debug("Detected %d nodes in the distributed environment", _NODE_COUNT)
     else:
         assert _WORLD.world_size == torch.distributed.get_world_size(), (
             "world group already initialized with a different world size"
         )
+    if config.parallel_config.nnodes_within_dp > 1:
+        if parallel_config.data_parallel_size > 1:
+            world_size_inner_dp = parallel_config.world_size
+            group_ranks = [
+                [dp_rank * world_size_inner_dp + i for i in range(world_size_inner_dp)]
+                for dp_rank in range(parallel_config.data_parallel_size)
+            ]
+            _INNER_DP_WORLD = init_model_parallel_group(
+                group_ranks,
+                get_world_group().local_rank,
+                backend,
+                use_message_queue_broadcaster=True,
+                group_name="inner_dp_world",
+                use_device_communicator=False,
+            )
+        else:
+            _INNER_DP_WORLD = _WORLD
 
 
 def initialize_model_parallel(

vllm/engine/arg_utils.py

@@ -384,6 +384,10 @@ class EngineArgs:
     ) = ParallelConfig.distributed_executor_backend
     # number of P/D disaggregation (or other disaggregation) workers
     pipeline_parallel_size: int = ParallelConfig.pipeline_parallel_size
+    master_addr: str = ParallelConfig.master_addr
+    master_port: int = ParallelConfig.master_port
+    nnodes: int = ParallelConfig.nnodes
+    node_rank: int = ParallelConfig.node_rank
     tensor_parallel_size: int = ParallelConfig.tensor_parallel_size
     decode_context_parallel_size: int = ParallelConfig.decode_context_parallel_size
     dcp_kv_cache_interleave_size: int = ParallelConfig.dcp_kv_cache_interleave_size
@@ -394,6 +398,7 @@ class EngineArgs:
     data_parallel_address: str | None = None
     data_parallel_rpc_port: int | None = None
     data_parallel_hybrid_lb: bool = False
+    data_parallel_external_lb: bool = False
     data_parallel_backend: str = ParallelConfig.data_parallel_backend
     enable_expert_parallel: bool = ParallelConfig.enable_expert_parallel
     all2all_backend: str | None = ParallelConfig.all2all_backend
@@ -749,6 +754,10 @@ class EngineArgs:
             "-pp",
             **parallel_kwargs["pipeline_parallel_size"],
         )
+        parallel_group.add_argument("--master-addr", **parallel_kwargs["master_addr"])
+        parallel_group.add_argument("--master-port", **parallel_kwargs["master_port"])
+        parallel_group.add_argument("--nnodes", "-n", **parallel_kwargs["nnodes"])
+        parallel_group.add_argument("--node-rank", "-r", **parallel_kwargs["node_rank"])
         parallel_group.add_argument(
             "--tensor-parallel-size", "-tp", **parallel_kwargs["tensor_parallel_size"]
         )
@@ -803,7 +812,14 @@ class EngineArgs:
             help='Backend for data parallel, either "mp" or "ray".',
         )
         parallel_group.add_argument(
-            "--data-parallel-hybrid-lb", **parallel_kwargs["data_parallel_hybrid_lb"]
+            "--data-parallel-hybrid-lb",
+            "-dph",
+            **parallel_kwargs["data_parallel_hybrid_lb"],
+        )
+        parallel_group.add_argument(
+            "--data-parallel-external-lb",
+            "-dpe",
+            **parallel_kwargs["data_parallel_external_lb"],
         )
         parallel_group.add_argument(
             "--enable-expert-parallel", **parallel_kwargs["enable_expert_parallel"]
@@ -1428,12 +1444,56 @@ class EngineArgs:
         assert not headless or not self.data_parallel_hybrid_lb, (
             "data_parallel_hybrid_lb is not applicable in headless mode"
         )
-
+        assert not (self.data_parallel_hybrid_lb and self.data_parallel_external_lb), (
-        data_parallel_external_lb = self.data_parallel_rank is not None
+            "data_parallel_hybrid_lb and data_parallel_external_lb cannot both be True."
+        )
+        assert self.data_parallel_backend == "mp" or self.nnodes == 1, (
+            "nnodes > 1 is only supported with data_parallel_backend=mp"
+        )
+        inferred_data_parallel_rank = 0
+        if self.nnodes > 1:
+            world_size = (
+                self.data_parallel_size
+                * self.pipeline_parallel_size
+                * self.tensor_parallel_size
+            )
+            world_size_within_dp = (
+                self.pipeline_parallel_size * self.tensor_parallel_size
+            )
+            local_world_size = world_size // self.nnodes
+            assert world_size % self.nnodes == 0, (
+                f"world_size={world_size} must be divisible by nnodes={self.nnodes}."
+            )
+            assert self.node_rank < self.nnodes, (
+                f"node_rank={self.node_rank} must be less than nnodes={self.nnodes}."
+            )
+            inferred_data_parallel_rank = (
+                self.node_rank * local_world_size
+            ) // world_size_within_dp
+            if self.data_parallel_size > 1 and self.data_parallel_external_lb:
+                self.data_parallel_rank = inferred_data_parallel_rank
+                logger.info(
+                    "Inferred data_parallel_rank %d from node_rank %d for external lb",
+                    self.data_parallel_rank,
+                    self.node_rank,
+                )
+            elif self.data_parallel_size_local is None:
+                # Infer data parallel size local for internal dplb:
+                self.data_parallel_size_local = max(
+                    local_world_size // world_size_within_dp, 1
+                )
+        data_parallel_external_lb = (
+            self.data_parallel_external_lb or self.data_parallel_rank is not None
+        )
         # Local DP rank = 1, use pure-external LB.
         if data_parallel_external_lb:
+            assert self.data_parallel_rank is not None, (
+                "data_parallel_rank or node_rank must be spefified if "
+                "data_parallel_external_lb is enable."
+            )
             assert self.data_parallel_size_local in (1, None), (
-                "data_parallel_size_local must be 1 when data_parallel_rank is set"
+                "data_parallel_size_local must be 1 or None when data_parallel_rank "
+                "is set"
             )
             data_parallel_size_local = 1
             # Use full external lb if we have local_size of 1.
@@ -1447,6 +1507,11 @@ class EngineArgs:
 
             if self.data_parallel_hybrid_lb and data_parallel_size_local == 1:
                 # Use full external lb if we have local_size of 1.
+                logger.warning(
+                    "data_parallel_hybrid_lb is not eligible when "
+                    "data_parallel_size_local = 1, autoswitch to "
+                    "data_parallel_external_lb."
+                )
                 data_parallel_external_lb = True
                 self.data_parallel_hybrid_lb = False
 
@@ -1454,7 +1519,15 @@ class EngineArgs:
                 # Disable hybrid LB mode if set for a single node
                 self.data_parallel_hybrid_lb = False
 
-            self.data_parallel_rank = self.data_parallel_start_rank or 0
+            self.data_parallel_rank = (
+                self.data_parallel_start_rank or inferred_data_parallel_rank
+            )
+            if self.nnodes > 1:
+                logger.info(
+                    "Inferred data_parallel_rank %d from node_rank %d",
+                    self.data_parallel_rank,
+                    self.node_rank,
+                )
         else:
             assert not self.data_parallel_hybrid_lb, (
                 "data_parallel_size_local must be set to use data_parallel_hybrid_lb."
@@ -1484,7 +1557,9 @@ class EngineArgs:
                     "data_parallel_backend can only be ray or mp, got %s",
                     self.data_parallel_backend,
                 )
-                data_parallel_address = ParallelConfig.data_parallel_master_ip
+                data_parallel_address = (
+                    self.master_addr or ParallelConfig.data_parallel_master_ip
+                )
         else:
             data_parallel_address = self.data_parallel_address
 
@@ -1517,6 +1592,10 @@ class EngineArgs:
             data_parallel_rank=self.data_parallel_rank or 0,
             data_parallel_external_lb=data_parallel_external_lb,
             data_parallel_size_local=data_parallel_size_local,
+            master_addr=self.master_addr,
+            master_port=self.master_port,
+            nnodes=self.nnodes,
+            node_rank=self.node_rank,
             data_parallel_master_ip=data_parallel_address,
             data_parallel_rpc_port=data_parallel_rpc_port,
             data_parallel_backend=self.data_parallel_backend,

vllm/entrypoints/cli/serve.py

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from vllm.utils.system_utils import decorate_logs, set_process_title
 from vllm.v1.engine.core import EngineCoreProc
 from vllm.v1.engine.utils import CoreEngineProcManager, launch_core_engines
 from vllm.v1.executor import Executor
+from vllm.v1.executor.multiproc_executor import MultiprocExecutor
 from vllm.v1.metrics.prometheus import setup_multiprocess_prometheus
 from vllm.v1.utils import APIServerProcessManager, wait_for_completion_or_failure
 
@@ -97,18 +98,40 @@ def run_headless(args: argparse.Namespace):
     if local_engine_count <= 0:
         raise ValueError("data_parallel_size_local must be > 0 in headless mode")
 
-    host = parallel_config.data_parallel_master_ip
+    shutdown_requested = False
-    port = engine_args.data_parallel_rpc_port  # add to config too
-    handshake_address = get_tcp_uri(host, port)
 
     # Catch SIGTERM and SIGINT to allow graceful shutdown.
     def signal_handler(signum, frame):
+        nonlocal shutdown_requested
         logger.debug("Received %d signal.", signum)
-        raise SystemExit
+        if not shutdown_requested:
+            shutdown_requested = True
+            raise SystemExit
 
     signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, signal_handler)
     signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)
 
+    if parallel_config.node_rank_within_dp > 0:
+        from vllm.version import __version__ as VLLM_VERSION
+
+        # Run headless workers (for multi-node PP/TP).
+        host = parallel_config.master_addr
+        head_node_address = f"{host}:{parallel_config.master_port}"
+        logger.info(
+            "Launching vLLM (v%s) headless multiproc executor, "
+            "with head node address %s for torch.distributed process group.",
+            VLLM_VERSION,
+            head_node_address,
+        )
+
+        executor = MultiprocExecutor(vllm_config, monitor_workers=False)
+        executor.start_worker_monitor(inline=True)
+        return
+
+    host = parallel_config.data_parallel_master_ip
+    port = parallel_config.data_parallel_rpc_port
+    handshake_address = get_tcp_uri(host, port)
+
     logger.info(
         "Launching %d data parallel engine(s) in headless mode, "
         "with head node address %s.",

vllm/v1/engine/utils.py

@@ -183,15 +183,19 @@ def set_device_control_env_var(
     for engine subprocess.
     """
     world_size = vllm_config.parallel_config.world_size
+    local_world_size = vllm_config.parallel_config.local_world_size
     evar = current_platform.device_control_env_var
 
-    value = get_device_indices(evar, local_dp_rank, world_size)
+    value = get_device_indices(evar, local_dp_rank, world_size, local_world_size)
     with patch.dict(os.environ, values=((evar, value),)):
         yield
 
 
 def get_device_indices(
-    device_control_env_var: str, local_dp_rank: int, world_size: int
+    device_control_env_var: str,
+    local_dp_rank: int,
+    world_size: int,
+    local_world_size: int | None = None,
 ):
     """
     Returns a comma-separated string of device indices for the specified
@@ -200,10 +204,15 @@ def get_device_indices(
     For example, if world_size=2 and local_dp_rank=1, and there are 4 devices,
     this will select devices 2 and 3 for local_dp_rank=1.
     """
+    if local_world_size is None:
+        local_world_size = world_size
     try:
         value = ",".join(
             str(current_platform.device_id_to_physical_device_id(i))
-            for i in range(local_dp_rank * world_size, (local_dp_rank + 1) * world_size)
+            for i in range(
+                local_dp_rank * world_size,
+                local_dp_rank * world_size + local_world_size,
+            )
         )
     except IndexError as e:
         raise Exception(

vllm/v1/executor/multiproc_executor.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import time
 import traceback
 import weakref
 from collections import deque
-from collections.abc import Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
 from concurrent.futures import Future, InvalidStateError
 from contextlib import suppress
 from dataclasses import dataclass
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ from vllm.distributed.parallel_state import (
     get_dcp_group,
     get_dp_group,
     get_ep_group,
+    get_inner_dp_world_group,
     get_pp_group,
     get_tp_group,
 )
@@ -90,6 +91,10 @@ class FutureWrapper(Future):
 class MultiprocExecutor(Executor):
     supports_pp: bool = True
 
+    def __init__(self, vllm_config: VllmConfig, monitor_workers: bool = True):
+        self.monitor_workers = monitor_workers
+        super().__init__(vllm_config)
+
     def _init_executor(self) -> None:
         # Call self.shutdown at exit to clean up
         # and ensure workers will be terminated.
@@ -99,6 +104,12 @@ class MultiprocExecutor(Executor):
         self.failure_callback: FailureCallback | None = None
 
         self.world_size = self.parallel_config.world_size
+        assert self.world_size % self.parallel_config.nnodes_within_dp == 0, (
+            f"global world_size ({self.parallel_config.world_size}) must be "
+            f"divisible by nnodes_within_dp "
+            f"({self.parallel_config.nnodes_within_dp}). "
+        )
+        self.local_world_size = self.parallel_config.local_world_size
         tensor_parallel_size = self.parallel_config.tensor_parallel_size
         pp_parallel_size = self.parallel_config.pipeline_parallel_size
         assert self.world_size == tensor_parallel_size * pp_parallel_size, (
@@ -116,27 +127,37 @@ class MultiprocExecutor(Executor):
         distributed_init_method = get_distributed_init_method(
             get_loopback_ip(), get_open_port()
         )
-
+        self.rpc_broadcast_mq: MessageQueue | None = None
+        scheduler_output_handle: Handle | None = None
         # Initialize worker and set up message queues for SchedulerOutputs
         # and ModelRunnerOutputs
-        max_chunk_bytes = envs.VLLM_MQ_MAX_CHUNK_BYTES_MB * 1024 * 1024
+        if self.parallel_config.node_rank_within_dp == 0:
-        self.rpc_broadcast_mq = MessageQueue(
+            # For leader node within each dp rank,
-            self.world_size, self.world_size, max_chunk_bytes=max_chunk_bytes
+            # each dp will have its own leader multiproc executor.
-        )
+            max_chunk_bytes = envs.VLLM_MQ_MAX_CHUNK_BYTES_MB * 1024 * 1024
-        scheduler_output_handle = self.rpc_broadcast_mq.export_handle()
+            self.rpc_broadcast_mq = MessageQueue(
-
+                self.world_size,
+                self.local_world_size,
+                max_chunk_bytes=max_chunk_bytes,
+                connect_ip=self.parallel_config.master_addr,
+            )
+            scheduler_output_handle = self.rpc_broadcast_mq.export_handle()
         # Create workers
         context = get_mp_context()
         shared_worker_lock = context.Lock()
         unready_workers: list[UnreadyWorkerProcHandle] = []
         success = False
         try:
-            for rank in range(self.world_size):
+            global_start_rank = (
+                self.local_world_size * self.parallel_config.node_rank_within_dp
+            )
+            for local_rank in range(self.local_world_size):
+                global_rank = global_start_rank + local_rank
                 unready_workers.append(
                     WorkerProc.make_worker_process(
                         vllm_config=self.vllm_config,
-                        local_rank=rank,
+                        local_rank=local_rank,
-                        rank=rank,
+                        rank=global_rank,
                         distributed_init_method=distributed_init_method,
                         input_shm_handle=scheduler_output_handle,
                         shared_worker_lock=shared_worker_lock,
@@ -145,15 +166,38 @@ class MultiprocExecutor(Executor):
 
             # Workers must be created before wait_for_ready to avoid
             # deadlock, since worker.init_device() does a device sync.
+
+            # Wait for all local workers to be ready.
             self.workers = WorkerProc.wait_for_ready(unready_workers)
 
+            # Start background thread to monitor worker health if not in headless mode.
+            if self.monitor_workers:
+                self.start_worker_monitor()
+
+            self.response_mqs = []
+            # Only leader node have remote response mqs
+            if self.parallel_config.node_rank_within_dp == 0:
+                for rank in range(self.world_size):
+                    if rank < self.local_world_size:
+                        local_message_queue = self.workers[rank].worker_response_mq
+                        assert local_message_queue is not None
+                        self.response_mqs.append(local_message_queue)
+                    else:
+                        remote_message_queue = self.workers[0].peer_worker_response_mqs[
+                            rank
+                        ]
+                        assert remote_message_queue is not None
+                        self.response_mqs.append(remote_message_queue)
+
             # Ensure message queues are ready. Will deadlock if re-ordered
             # Must be kept consistent with the WorkerProc.
-            self.rpc_broadcast_mq.wait_until_ready()
-            for w in self.workers:
-                w.worker_response_mq.wait_until_ready()
 
-            self.start_worker_monitor()
+            # Wait for all input mqs to be ready.
+            if self.rpc_broadcast_mq is not None:
+                self.rpc_broadcast_mq.wait_until_ready()
+            # Wait for all remote response mqs to be ready.
+            for response_mq in self.response_mqs:
+                response_mq.wait_until_ready()
             success = True
         finally:
             if not success:
@@ -168,7 +212,7 @@ class MultiprocExecutor(Executor):
 
         self.output_rank = self._get_output_rank()
 
-    def start_worker_monitor(self):
+    def start_worker_monitor(self, inline=False) -> None:
         workers = self.workers
         self_ref = weakref.ref(self)
 
@@ -192,9 +236,13 @@ class MultiprocExecutor(Executor):
                 _self.failure_callback = None
                 callback()
 
-        Thread(
+        if not inline:
-            target=monitor_workers, daemon=True, name="MultiprocWorkerMonitor"
+            Thread(
-        ).start()
+                target=monitor_workers, daemon=True, name="MultiprocWorkerMonitor"
+            ).start()
+            return
+
+        monitor_workers()
 
     def register_failure_callback(self, callback: FailureCallback):
         if self.is_failed:
@@ -247,7 +295,9 @@ class MultiprocExecutor(Executor):
     ) -> Any | list[Any] | Future[Any | list[Any]]:
         """Returns single result if unique_reply_rank and/or kv_output_aggregator
         is provided, otherwise list."""
-
+        assert self.rpc_broadcast_mq is not None, (
+            "collective_rpc should not be called on follower node"
+        )
         if self.is_failed:
             raise RuntimeError("Executor failed.")
 
@@ -269,20 +319,20 @@ class MultiprocExecutor(Executor):
             send_method = cloudpickle.dumps(method, protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
         self.rpc_broadcast_mq.enqueue((send_method, args, kwargs, output_rank))
 
-        workers = (
+        response_mqs: Sequence[MessageQueue] = self.response_mqs
-            (self.workers[output_rank],) if output_rank is not None else self.workers
+        if output_rank is not None:
-        )
+            response_mqs = (response_mqs[output_rank],)
 
         shutdown_event = self.shutdown_event
 
         def get_response():
             responses = []
-            for w in workers:
+            for mq in response_mqs:
                 dequeue_timeout = (
                     None if deadline is None else (deadline - time.monotonic())
                 )
                 try:
-                    status, result = w.worker_response_mq.dequeue(
+                    status, result = mq.dequeue(
                         timeout=dequeue_timeout, cancel=shutdown_event
                     )
                 except TimeoutError as e:
@@ -391,17 +441,26 @@ class UnreadyWorkerProcHandle:
 class WorkerProcHandle:
     proc: BaseProcess
     rank: int
-    worker_response_mq: MessageQueue  # The worker process writes to this MQ
+    # The worker process writes to this MQ in single-node mode
+    worker_response_mq: MessageQueue | None
+    # This is only non empty on driver node,
+    # the peer worker process i writes to MQ
+    # `peer_worker_response_mqs[i]`
+    peer_worker_response_mqs: list[MessageQueue | None]
     death_writer: Connection | None = None
 
     @classmethod
     def from_unready_handle(
-        cls, unready_handle: UnreadyWorkerProcHandle, worker_response_mq: MessageQueue
+        cls,
+        unready_handle: UnreadyWorkerProcHandle,
+        worker_response_mq: MessageQueue | None,
+        peer_worker_response_mqs: list[MessageQueue | None],
     ) -> "WorkerProcHandle":
         return cls(
             proc=unready_handle.proc,
             rank=unready_handle.rank,
             worker_response_mq=worker_response_mq,
+            peer_worker_response_mqs=peer_worker_response_mqs,
             death_writer=unready_handle.death_writer,
         )
 
@@ -411,6 +470,38 @@ class WorkerProc:
 
     READY_STR = "READY"
 
+    def _init_message_queues(
+        self, input_shm_handle: Handle, vllm_config: VllmConfig
+    ) -> None:
+        if vllm_config.parallel_config.nnodes_within_dp == 1:
+            # Initialize MessageQueue for receiving SchedulerOutput
+            self.rpc_broadcast_mq = MessageQueue.create_from_handle(
+                input_shm_handle, self.worker.rank
+            )
+
+            # Initializes a message queue for sending the model output
+            self.worker_response_mq: MessageQueue = MessageQueue(1, 1)
+            self.peer_response_handles = []
+        else:
+            # Initialize remote MessageQueue for receiving SchedulerOutput across nodes
+            self.rpc_broadcast_mq = get_inner_dp_world_group().create_mq_broadcaster(
+                external_writer_handle=input_shm_handle,
+                # Since there is external_writer_handle from executor proc,
+                # where the ready signal from actual writer is sent out of the
+                # create_mq_broadcaster method and after this setup, we make it
+                # non blocking. The handshake will be triggered when
+                # worker.rpc_broadcast_mq.wait_until_ready() is called
+                blocking=False,
+            )
+            # Initializes remote message queue for sending the model output to the
+            # driver worker, exposing peer_response_handles for driver worker
+            # that include handles for all ranks
+            self.worker_response_mq, self.peer_response_handles = (
+                get_inner_dp_world_group().create_single_reader_mq_broadcasters(
+                    reader_rank_in_group=0
+                )
+            )
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         vllm_config: VllmConfig,
@@ -421,13 +512,15 @@ class WorkerProc:
         shared_worker_lock: LockType,
     ):
         self.rank = rank
-        wrapper = WorkerWrapperBase(vllm_config=vllm_config, rpc_rank=rank)
+        wrapper = WorkerWrapperBase(
+            vllm_config=vllm_config, rpc_rank=local_rank, global_rank=rank
+        )
         # TODO: move `init_worker` to executor level as a collective rpc call
         all_kwargs: list[dict] = [
             {} for _ in range(vllm_config.parallel_config.world_size)
         ]
         is_driver_worker = rank % vllm_config.parallel_config.tensor_parallel_size == 0
-        all_kwargs[rank] = {
+        all_kwargs[local_rank] = {
             "vllm_config": vllm_config,
             "local_rank": local_rank,
             "rank": rank,
@@ -438,14 +531,6 @@ class WorkerProc:
         wrapper.init_worker(all_kwargs)
         self.worker = wrapper
 
-        # Initialize MessageQueue for receiving SchedulerOutput
-        self.rpc_broadcast_mq = MessageQueue.create_from_handle(
-            input_shm_handle, self.worker.rank
-        )
-
-        # Initializes a message queue for sending the model output
-        self.worker_response_mq = MessageQueue(1, 1)
-
         scheduler_config = vllm_config.scheduler_config
         self.use_async_scheduling = scheduler_config.async_scheduling
         if self.use_async_scheduling:
@@ -466,6 +551,7 @@ class WorkerProc:
         )
 
         # Load model
+        self._init_message_queues(input_shm_handle, vllm_config)
         self.worker.load_model()
 
         # Enable environment variable cache (e.g. assume no more
@@ -512,6 +598,27 @@ class WorkerProc:
         # death_reader in child will get EOFError
         return UnreadyWorkerProcHandle(proc, rank, reader, death_writer)
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def wait_for_response_handle_ready(
+        handles: dict[str, Any], proc_handle: UnreadyWorkerProcHandle
+    ) -> WorkerProcHandle:
+        response_handle = handles["handle"]
+        worker_response_mq: MessageQueue | None = None
+        if len(response_handle.local_reader_ranks) > 0:
+            worker_response_mq = MessageQueue.create_from_handle(response_handle, 0)
+        peer_response_handles = handles["peer_response_handles"]
+        peer_worker_response_mqs = [
+            MessageQueue.create_from_handle(handle, -1)
+            if handle.remote_subscribe_addr is not None
+            else None
+            for handle in peer_response_handles
+        ]
+        return WorkerProcHandle.from_unready_handle(
+            proc_handle,
+            worker_response_mq,
+            peer_worker_response_mqs=peer_worker_response_mqs,
+        )
+
     @staticmethod
     def wait_for_ready(
         unready_proc_handles: list[UnreadyWorkerProcHandle],
@@ -537,16 +644,10 @@ class WorkerProc:
                     if response["status"] != "READY":
                         raise e
 
-                    # Extract the message queue handle.
+                    idx = unready_proc_handle.rank % len(ready_proc_handles)
-                    worker_response_mq = MessageQueue.create_from_handle(
+                    ready_proc_handles[idx] = WorkerProc.wait_for_response_handle_ready(
-                        response["handle"], 0
+                        response, unready_proc_handle
                     )
-                    ready_proc_handles[unready_proc_handle.rank] = (
-                        WorkerProcHandle.from_unready_handle(
-                            unready_proc_handle, worker_response_mq
-                        )
-                    )
-
                 except EOFError:
                     e.__suppress_context__ = True
                     raise e from None
@@ -618,12 +719,14 @@ class WorkerProc:
                 {
                     "status": WorkerProc.READY_STR,
                     "handle": worker.worker_response_mq.export_handle(),
+                    "peer_response_handles": worker.peer_response_handles,
                 }
             )
 
             # Ensure message queues are ready. Will deadlock if re-ordered.
             # Must be kept consistent with the Executor
-            worker.rpc_broadcast_mq.wait_until_ready()
+            if worker.rpc_broadcast_mq is not None:
+                worker.rpc_broadcast_mq.wait_until_ready()
             worker.worker_response_mq.wait_until_ready()
             ready_writer.close()
             ready_writer = None

vllm/v1/worker/gpu_worker.py

@@ -189,6 +189,7 @@ class Worker(WorkerBase):
                 and self.parallel_config.distributed_executor_backend
                 not in ["ray", "external_launcher"]
                 and self.vllm_config.parallel_config.data_parallel_backend != "ray"
+                and self.vllm_config.parallel_config.nnodes_within_dp == 1
             ):
                 # Use local DP rank if available, otherwise use global DP rank.
                 dp_local_rank = self.parallel_config.data_parallel_rank_local
@@ -205,7 +206,14 @@ class Worker(WorkerBase):
                 assert self.local_rank < torch.cuda.device_count(), (
                     f"DP adjusted local rank {self.local_rank} is out of bounds. "
                 )
-
+            visible_device_count = (
+                torch.cuda.device_count() if torch.cuda.is_available() else 0
+            )
+            assert self.parallel_config.local_world_size <= visible_device_count, (
+                f"local_world_size ({self.parallel_config.local_world_size}) must be "
+                f"less than or equal to the number of visible devices "
+                f"({visible_device_count})."
+            )
             self.device = torch.device(f"cuda:{self.local_rank}")
             current_platform.set_device(self.device)
 

vllm/v1/worker/worker_base.py

@@ -180,6 +180,7 @@ class WorkerWrapperBase:
         self,
         vllm_config: VllmConfig,
         rpc_rank: int = 0,
+        global_rank: int | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         """
         Initialize the worker wrapper with the given vllm_config and rpc_rank.
@@ -192,6 +193,7 @@ class WorkerWrapperBase:
         group.
         """
         self.rpc_rank = rpc_rank
+        self.global_rank = self.rpc_rank if global_rank is None else global_rank
         self.worker: WorkerBase | None = None
 
         # do not store this `vllm_config`, `init_worker` will set the final
@@ -312,7 +314,7 @@ class WorkerWrapperBase:
             assert self.worker is not None
 
     def initialize_from_config(self, kv_cache_configs: list[Any]) -> None:
-        kv_cache_config = kv_cache_configs[self.rpc_rank]
+        kv_cache_config = kv_cache_configs[self.global_rank]
         with set_current_vllm_config(self.vllm_config):
             self.worker.initialize_from_config(kv_cache_config)  # type: ignore