diff --git a/.buildkite/scripts/hardware_ci/run-tpu-v1-test.sh b/.buildkite/scripts/hardware_ci/run-tpu-v1-test.sh
index 21982b01b9cc7..07b898787eba7 100755
--- a/.buildkite/scripts/hardware_ci/run-tpu-v1-test.sh
+++ b/.buildkite/scripts/hardware_ci/run-tpu-v1-test.sh
@@ -47,7 +47,9 @@ docker run --privileged --net host --shm-size=16G -it \
     && echo TEST_10 \
     && pytest -s -v /workspace/vllm/tests/v1/tpu/test_pallas.py \
     && echo TEST_11 \
-    && pytest -s -v /workspace/vllm/tests/v1/entrypoints/llm/test_struct_output_generate.py" \
+    && pytest -s -v /workspace/vllm/tests/v1/entrypoints/llm/test_struct_output_generate.py \
+    && echo TEST_12 \
+    && pytest -s -v /workspace/vllm/tests/tpu/test_moe_pallas.py" \
 
 
 # TODO: This test fails because it uses RANDOM_SEED sampling
diff --git a/tests/tpu/test_moe_pallas.py b/tests/tpu/test_moe_pallas.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..13fc8bc8fa2ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tpu/test_moe_pallas.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+"""Tests for the Pallas MOE implementation.
+
+Run `pytest tests/kernels/moe/test_moe_pallas.py`.
+"""
+import pytest
+import torch
+
+# yapf conflicts with isort for this block
+# yapf: disable
+from vllm.model_executor.layers.fused_moe.moe_pallas import (
+    fused_moe as pallas_moe)
+from vllm.model_executor.layers.fused_moe.moe_torch_iterative import (
+    fused_moe as torch_moe)
+# yapf: enable
+from vllm.platforms import current_platform
+
+if not current_platform.is_tpu():
+    pytest.skip("This test needs a TPU.", allow_module_level=True)
+
+NUM_EXPERTS = [8, 64]
+EP_SIZE = [1]
+TOP_KS = [2, 6]
+
+
+# The Pallas GMM kernel requires num_tokens * topk to be a multiple of 16
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("m", [8, 16, 64, 2048])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("n", [128, 1024, 2048])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("k", [128, 511, 1024])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("e", NUM_EXPERTS)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("topk", TOP_KS)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("ep_size", EP_SIZE)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", [torch.bfloat16])
+def test_pallas_moe(
+    m: int,
+    n: int,
+    k: int,
+    e: int,
+    topk: int,
+    ep_size: int,
+    dtype: torch.dtype,
+):
+    import torch_xla.core.xla_model as xm
+    with torch.device(xm.xla_device()):
+        a = torch.randn((m, k), dtype=dtype) / 10
+        w1 = torch.randn((e, 2 * n, k), dtype=dtype) / 10
+        w2 = torch.randn((e, k, n), dtype=dtype) / 10
+
+        score = torch.randn((m, e), dtype=dtype)
+
+        # TODO: Support ep
+        if ep_size > 1:
+            pytest.skip("No support for ep_size > 1 yet")
+        else:
+            e_map = None
+
+        # Run both implementations
+        torch_output = torch_moe(
+            hidden_states=a,
+            w1=w1,
+            w2=w2,
+            gating_output=score,
+            topk=topk,
+            global_num_experts=e,
+            expert_map=e_map,
+            renormalize=False,
+        )
+
+        pallas_output = pallas_moe(
+            hidden_states=a,
+            w1=w1,
+            w2=w2,
+            gating_output=score,
+            topk=topk,
+            global_num_experts=e,
+            expert_map=e_map,
+            renormalize=False,
+        )
+        xm.mark_step()
+
+    # Compare outputs
+    torch.testing.assert_close(
+        pallas_output.cpu(),
+        torch_output.cpu(),
+        atol=2e-2,
+        rtol=0,
+    )
diff --git a/vllm/attention/backends/pallas.py b/vllm/attention/backends/pallas.py
index 91d20a4e7bfc0..19642a939b481 100644
--- a/vllm/attention/backends/pallas.py
+++ b/vllm/attention/backends/pallas.py
@@ -123,7 +123,8 @@ class PallasAttentionBackendImpl(AttentionImpl):
         self.num_queries_per_kv = self.num_heads // self.num_kv_heads
         self.logits_soft_cap = logits_soft_cap
         if head_size % 128 != 0:
-            raise NotImplementedError("Head size must be a multiple of 128.")
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                f"Head size must be a multiple of 128, found {head_size}.")
         if alibi_slopes is not None:
             raise NotImplementedError("Alibi slopes is not supported.")
         if sliding_window is not None:
diff --git a/vllm/model_executor/layers/fused_moe/moe_pallas.py b/vllm/model_executor/layers/fused_moe/moe_pallas.py
index 0365afa10a459..8f28b64ed487c 100644
--- a/vllm/model_executor/layers/fused_moe/moe_pallas.py
+++ b/vllm/model_executor/layers/fused_moe/moe_pallas.py
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ def fused_moe(
     w2: torch.Tensor,
     gating_output: torch.Tensor,
     topk: int,
-    renormalize: bool,
+    global_num_experts: int,
+    expert_map: torch.Tensor = None,
+    renormalize: bool = False,
 ) -> torch.Tensor:
     """
     Args:
@@ -20,6 +22,7 @@ def fused_moe(
         w2: [num_experts, hidden_size, intermediate_size]
         gating_output: [*, num_experts]
     """
+    assert expert_map is None, "expert_map is not supported for pallas MoE."
     orig_shape = hidden_states.shape
     hidden_size = hidden_states.shape[-1]
     num_tokens = hidden_states.shape[:-1].numel()